Ecotoxicity of Natural Nanocolloids in Aquatic Environment
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nanocolloids (Ncs) are highly dispersed mixtures of nanoscale (1–100 nm) heterogeneous systems, which ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Ncs considered a vital pollutant carrier due to their special surface properties and unique hydrodynamic characteristics. They play an essential role the process promoting migration transformation. In recent years, with increase chemicals environment complexity environmental pollution, health threats ecological systems arousing great concerning. Therefore, work characterize ecotoxicity has focused on potential implications, including exploration toxicity organisms from wide range ecosystem food webs. Herein, we summarize formation, distribution, characterization natural marine Moreover, highlight adverse impacts representatives various trophic levels (e.g., algae, bacteria, invertebrates, fish). The mechanisms at cellular level reviewed, remaining unclear points toxic tools such as oxidative damage metabolic disorder presented. We also discuss research challenges future developments within field ecotoxicity. This study will bridge our knowledge gap Ncs.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Water
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2073-4441']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14192971